Expertise and Questioning Expertise

The term "expertise" is frequently used in order to refer to a specialist knowledge and skill in a particular field, and it results from training and experience in that field. Many times an expert's view and opinion giving within their field, is considered by the rest of the society who lack of that knowledge, as a reliable and credible source.

However, we sometimes have the right and possibility to "question the credibility of expert" , we are aloud to believe that their views, judgements and the value of their expertise is not credible at all. This might happen under certain situations. Disagreement between experts, the differing views of experts on the same subject can led people to question them; Incorrect judgements, when an expert, among their expertise field, make a mistake while judging their expertise can be question; Expertise as harmful, sometimes experts make taken-for-granted judgements and this can be question; Changing expertise, due to the fact that the everything (values, knowledge, society, etc) changes, we should always question experts since sometimes they can be based on prejudice rather than sound judgement. 

Items A & B, Medical misdirection

This item criticizes the expert source, which are doctors and the way they are appointing to cure a particular illness in a particular case. Doctors, in this case, are being questioned as harmful due to the fact that instead of focusing on the population, they focus on individuals and divert attention from the real cause of illness.

 Items C & D, Drapetomania & homosexuality as mental illness
Though in both items expert sources can be questioned as "changing expertise", they are related to different, yet similar, cases. On the one hand, Item C is questioning the expert view upon this "new illness" he claims to be present among slaves which consists on their desire to bee free. For that period of time, 1815, where the white race judge themselves superior than the black race, being aloud to own black people this argument might have sounded credible and even rational due to how they lived in those times. However, due to the fact that we have changed as a society, slavery is abolished and so this expertise judgement will questioned and even considered a joke, since we can believe that it is obvious that slaves wanted to escape, and this will be related to a desire as a human being not as a mental health. This is as well the case in item D where the expert claims that having an homosexual desire, being gay, is a mental disorder and they should be exposed to a certain violen treatment in order to cure them. However as society has changed, we would now question this fact as not credible,
and this treatment irrational and not correct.